Navigating the complexities of international labor law is crucial for companies employing individuals in Greece. The country has a well-established legal framework designed to protect workers' rights, covering everything from employment contracts and working hours to termination procedures and workplace safety. Understanding these regulations is not just a matter of compliance; it's fundamental to building a fair and productive working relationship with your employees and ensuring operational stability.
Adhering to Greek labor law requires diligence and awareness of specific requirements regarding employment terms, non-discrimination, and dispute resolution. Employers must be prepared to implement policies and practices that align with national standards to avoid potential legal issues and foster a positive work environment. This guide provides an overview of key aspects of worker protections in Greece as they stand for 2025.
Termination Rights and Procedures
Termination of an employment contract in Greece is subject to specific legal requirements, depending on whether the contract is fixed-term or indefinite. Fixed-term contracts typically end upon their expiration date, while indefinite contracts require a valid reason for termination, such as employee misconduct or operational needs, and adherence to specific notice periods and severance pay obligations.
For indefinite contracts, employers must provide written notice of termination. The required notice period depends on the employee's length of service with the company. Failure to provide the correct notice period necessitates payment in lieu of notice. Severance pay is also generally required upon termination by the employer, calculated based on tenure and salary, though specific conditions and exceptions apply.
| Length of Service | Notice Period (for employer termination) |
|---|---|
| Up to 1 year | 1 month |
| 1 year to 4 years | 2 months |
| 4 years to 6 years | 3 months |
| 6 years to 8 years | 4 months |
| 8 years to 10 years | 5 months |
| 10 years and above | 6 months |
Note that these are general guidelines, and specific collective agreements or individual contracts may have different provisions. Summary dismissal without notice is possible only in cases of serious misconduct by the employee.
Anti-Discrimination Laws and Enforcement
Greek law prohibits discrimination in employment based on several protected characteristics. This protection applies throughout the employment lifecycle, including recruitment, terms and conditions of employment, promotion, training, and termination. Employers are legally obligated to ensure equal opportunities and treatment for all employees.
| Protected Characteristics |
|---|
| Race or ethnic origin |
| Religion or belief |
| Disability |
| Age |
| Sexual orientation |
| Gender identity |
| Sex |
| Family status |
Enforcement of anti-discrimination laws is primarily handled by the Hellenic Labor Inspectorate (SEPE) and the Greek Ombudsman. Employees who believe they have been subjected to discrimination can file complaints with these bodies or pursue legal action through the courts. Employers found to be in violation can face significant penalties.
Working Conditions Standards and Regulations
Greek labor law sets clear standards for working hours, rest periods, and leave entitlements. The standard legal working week is 40 hours, typically spread over five days. Overtime work is permitted but subject to strict limits and requires increased compensation. Daily and weekly rest periods are mandatory to ensure employee well-being.
- Working Hours: Standard 40 hours per week. Maximum daily hours are generally 8 for a 5-day week or 6 hours and 40 minutes for a 6-day week.
- Overtime: Subject to legal limits and increased pay rates.
- Rest Periods: Minimum daily rest of 11 consecutive hours. Minimum weekly rest of 24 consecutive hours, plus the mandatory daily rest.
- Annual Leave: Employees are entitled to paid annual leave, the duration of which increases with length of service.
- Public Holidays: Employees are entitled to paid leave on official public holidays.
- Minimum Wage: Greece has a statutory minimum wage, which is reviewed periodically.
These regulations aim to prevent exploitation and ensure employees have adequate time for rest and personal life.
Workplace Health and Safety Requirements
Employers in Greece have a fundamental duty to ensure the health and safety of their employees in the workplace. This involves identifying risks, implementing preventative measures, providing necessary training and equipment, and maintaining a safe working environment.
Key employer obligations include:
- Conducting risk assessments and implementing safety plans.
- Providing employees with information and training on workplace hazards and safety procedures.
- Providing appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE) where necessary.
- Ensuring machinery and equipment are safe to use.
- Maintaining adequate first-aid facilities.
- Reporting serious accidents or occupational diseases to the relevant authorities.
Employees also have responsibilities, such as following safety instructions and using provided safety equipment. The Hellenic Labor Inspectorate (SEPE) is responsible for enforcing health and safety regulations through inspections and investigations.
Dispute Resolution Mechanisms
When workplace disputes arise in Greece, several avenues are available for resolution, ranging from internal processes to external legal mechanisms. Encouraging open communication and attempting to resolve issues internally is often the first step.
If internal resolution is not possible, employees and employers can turn to external bodies:
- Hellenic Labor Inspectorate (SEPE): SEPE plays a significant role in mediating labor disputes and enforcing labor law compliance. Employees can file complaints regarding violations of their rights, and SEPE inspectors can investigate and issue fines.
- Mediation and Arbitration: Voluntary or mandatory mediation and arbitration services may be available, particularly through collective bargaining agreements or specific labor dispute resolution bodies.
- Court System: Employees have the right to file lawsuits in the civil courts to seek redress for violations of their employment rights, including unfair dismissal, discrimination, or unpaid wages. Labor courts are specialized sections within the civil court system that handle employment-related cases.
Understanding these mechanisms is vital for both employers and employees to navigate potential conflicts effectively and ensure legal compliance.
