Vietnam's growing economy and strategic location are attracting increasing foreign investment and talent. Understanding the country's visa and work permit regulations is essential for companies looking to hire international employees in 2025. Vietnam employs a system of visas and work permits to regulate foreign employment, ensuring that international workers contribute to the economy while also protecting the local workforce. Foreign nationals intending to work in Vietnam must obtain the necessary permits and visas before commencing employment. Navigating the process can be complex, requiring careful attention to detail and adherence to the latest regulations.
This guide provides a comprehensive overview of Vietnam's visa and work permit system, covering common visa types, application procedures, pathways to permanent residency, dependent visa options, and compliance obligations. Staying informed about these requirements is crucial for both employers and employees to ensure legal and seamless employment in Vietnam.
Common Visa Types for Foreign Workers
Foreign nationals coming to Vietnam for work purposes typically require a work visa, which is usually a type of Business Visa (DN). These visas are categorized based on the purpose of the visit and the applicant's qualifications. Here are some of the most common visa types:
- Business Visa (DN1, DN2): Issued to foreigners entering Vietnam to work with businesses and other organizations with legal status. DN1 is for those working with companies and organizations, while DN2 is for those entering to offer services, establish a commercial presence, or perform other activities under international treaties.
- Work Visa (LD1, LD2): Granted to foreigners who have a work permit or are exempt from needing one. LD1 is for those working in Vietnam, and LD2 is for those entering to prepare for work.
Below is a summary of typical visa characteristics:
| Visa Type | Purpose | Validity | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| DN1 | Working with companies, organizations | Up to 12 months | Requires sponsorship from a company registered in Vietnam. |
| DN2 | Offering services, establishing presence | Up to 12 months | Typically for consultants, trainers, and other professionals providing services to Vietnamese entities. |
| LD1 | Working in Vietnam | Up to 2 years | Requires a valid work permit or proof of work permit exemption. Can be extended. |
| LD2 | Preparing to work in Vietnam | Up to 12 months | Used to enter Vietnam to complete the work permit application or other pre-employment activities. |
| TT | Family Visit | Up to 12 months | Issued to foreigners who are spouses or children under 18 of foreigners holding valid Vietnamese visas. Must be sponsored by the visa holder. |
Work Permit Application Requirements and Procedures
A work permit is a mandatory document for most foreign nationals working in Vietnam. It confirms that the holder is authorized to work legally in the country. The application process involves several steps and requires specific documentation.
Eligibility Criteria
To be eligible for a work permit in Vietnam, applicants must meet the following criteria:
- Be at least 18 years old.
- Possess the professional qualifications, skills, or experience required for the job.
- Be in good health, as certified by a competent health organization.
- Have a clean criminal record.
- Be appointed by a Vietnamese employer.
Required Documents
The following documents are typically required for a work permit application:
- Application form (as prescribed by the Ministry of Labor, Invalids and Social Affairs - MOLISA).
- Passport copy.
- Health check certificate issued within the last 12 months.
- Criminal record check from the applicant’s home country (issued within the last 6 months) and from Vietnam.
- Proof of qualifications, skills, or experience (e.g., degrees, certificates, employment history).
- Job description.
- Approval document from the local People's Committee regarding the demand for foreign workers.
- Passport-sized photos.
Application Procedure
- Employer Applies for Approval: The employer must first obtain approval from the local People's Committee to employ foreign workers. This process involves demonstrating that qualified Vietnamese workers are not available for the position.
- Submit Work Permit Application: Once approval is granted, the employer submits the work permit application to MOLISA or the Department of Labor, Invalids and Social Affairs (DOLISA) where the employee will be working.
- Work Permit Issuance: If the application is approved, the work permit is issued, typically valid for up to 2 years.
- Visa Application: With the work permit, the employee can then apply for the appropriate work visa (LD1).
Processing Times and Fees
- Approval for Foreign Worker Demand: 20-30 working days
- Work Permit Issuance: 10-15 working days
- Fees: Fees vary by location but generally range from VND 400,000 to VND 600,000 (approximately $17 to $26 USD).
Pathways to Permanent Residency
While not easily obtainable, permanent residency in Vietnam is possible for certain foreign nationals who meet specific criteria. These pathways are primarily for individuals who have made significant contributions to the country or have close family ties.
Eligibility Criteria
- Foreign nationals who have invested in Vietnam or are highly skilled workers may be eligible.
- Individuals married to Vietnamese citizens and residing in Vietnam for a certain period (usually 3 years) can apply.
- Those who have made exceptional contributions to Vietnam are also considered.
Application Process
- Temporary Residence Card: Applicants must first obtain a temporary residence card (usually valid for 1-3 years) and maintain continuous residency in Vietnam for the required period.
- Application Submission: Submit the application for permanent residency to the Immigration Department under the Ministry of Public Security.
- Review and Approval: The application is reviewed, and if approved, the applicant is granted permanent residency status.
Required Documents
- Application form.
- Passport and temporary residence card copies.
- Proof of meeting the eligibility criteria (e.g., investment certificate, marriage certificate, evidence of contributions).
- Criminal record check.
- Health check certificate.
Dependent Visa Options
Foreign nationals holding a valid Vietnamese visa can sponsor visas for their dependent family members, allowing them to reside in Vietnam. The most common visa type for dependents is the "TT" visa.
Eligibility
- Spouses and children under 18 years of age are typically eligible for dependent visas.
- The primary visa holder must demonstrate the ability to financially support their dependents.
Application Process
- Primary Visa Holder's Status: Ensure the primary visa holder has a valid work permit and visa.
- Application Submission: Submit the dependent visa application to the Vietnam Immigration Department.
- Document Verification: Provide all required documents, including proof of relationship and financial stability.
- Visa Issuance: If approved, the dependent visa is issued, usually with the same validity period as the primary visa holder's visa.
Required Documents
- Application form.
- Passport copies of the dependent(s).
- Marriage certificate (for spouses).
- Birth certificate(s) (for children).
- Passport and visa copies of the primary visa holder.
- Proof of financial stability.
Visa Compliance Obligations for Employers and Employees
Both employers and employees have legal obligations to ensure compliance with Vietnamese visa and work permit regulations. Non-compliance can result in penalties, fines, and even deportation.
Employer Obligations
- Obtain necessary approvals: Employers must obtain approval from the local People's Committee to employ foreign workers before applying for work permits.
- Ensure valid work permits: Employers must ensure that all foreign employees have valid work permits and visas before commencing employment.
- Monitor visa validity: Regularly check the validity of employees' visas and work permits and initiate renewal processes in a timely manner.
- Report changes: Notify the relevant authorities of any changes in employees' employment status, such as termination or transfer.
Employee Obligations
- Comply with visa conditions: Foreign employees must adhere to the conditions of their visas, including restrictions on employment and length of stay.
- Carry required documents: Always carry a copy of their passport, visa, and work permit for identification purposes.
- Update personal information: Notify the Immigration Department of any changes in personal information, such as address or marital status.
- Depart upon visa expiration: Ensure departure from Vietnam before the visa expires unless an extension or renewal has been obtained.
- Comply with local laws: Adhere to all Vietnamese laws and regulations during their stay.
By understanding and fulfilling these compliance obligations, employers and employees can ensure a smooth and lawful working experience in Vietnam.
